Interview with Xiaodon Liang: Typology of 3rd parties in the legal arms trade

Two video boxes showing Xiaodon Liang and Bridget Conley
Bridget Conley interviews Xiaodon Liang (WPF 2020).

WPF’s Bridget Conley interviews Xiaodon Liang about this new WPF published paper, “A typology of corrupt third-parties in the legal arms trade” (World Peace Foundation April 2020).

Drawing on WPF’s Compendium of Arms Trade Corruption, Liang developed a typology of third party actors in arms deals. In this video interview, Liang provides an overview of the key research and findings.

Bridget Conley works on advancing human rights in solidarity with directly impacted people. Her projects address mass atrocity endings, memorialization and the gendered harms of starvation, and mass incarceration in the US, notably in Massachusetts, where she lives. This research is grounded in abolitionist principles, which informs her understanding of how innovative visioning can directly impact policy debates.

She leads WPF’s research programs on atrocity response and incarceration, and hosts WPF's podcast, Disrupting Peace. She helps manage on project development, fundraising and strategic vision for WPF. Her publications include COVID Diagnosed the System: Lessons from the Pandemic Inside Massachusetts’ Prisons (Rutgers University Press, 2026), Memory from the Margins: Ethiopia’s Red Terror Martyrs Memorial Museum (Palgrave 2019); co-editor of Accountability for Starvation: Testing the Limits of the Law (Oxford University Press, 2021), and editor of How Mass Atrocities End: Studies from Guatemala, Burundi, Indonesia, the Sudans, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Iraq (Cambridge University Press 2016), in addition articles and essays. She has also published on gender and starvation crimes, the 1992 – 1995 war in Bosnia, mass atrocities and genocide, and how museums can engage on human rights issues.

Previously, she worked as Research Director for the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Committee on Conscience, where she led the Museum’s research and projects on contemporary threats of genocide, where she produced multimedia public outreach materials, formulated positions on contemporary threats of genocide, and curated exhibitions. She received a PhD in Comparative Literature from Binghamton University in 2001. When she is not in the office, she is happiest with her family or on a mountain.